Robust and Feasible QoS-Aware mmWave Massive MIMO Hybrid Beamforming

Abstract

Hybrid beamforming (HB) with quality-of-service (QoS) provisioning per stream in millimeter waves is indispensable in 5G/6G networks. HB includes baseband and radio frequency (RF) beamforming, and requires error-free channel state information (CSI), which is erroneous in practice. So there is a need for efficient, feasible, robust, and QoS-aware HB. To achieve this, we mitigate CSI uncertainty via baseband beamforming, and we steer the RF beamformer by using the estimates of the channel's eigenvectors. In doing so, we consider the effective channel's uncertainty region instead of the uncertainty region of the channel itself, as the former is smaller than the latter, requiring less transmit power to satisfy the QoS constraint. We also detect and eliminate the infeasible data streams. Our iterative scheme (which is based on the cutting-set method) for baseband beamforming satisfies the mean-squared error (MSE) constraint per stream, where a limited number of constraints are considered instead of infinitely many constraints. In our low-complexity scheme, we derive a simple sufficient condition to check the feasibility of each stream, we diagonalize the effective channel at the baseband precoder, and we use minimum MSE combining at the baseband combiner. Extensive simulations validate our formulations and theoretical derivations.