Asymptotic analysis of mixing in stratified turbulent flows, and the conditions for an inertial sub-range

Abstract

In an important study, Maffioli et al. (J. Fluid Mech., Vol. 794 , 2016) used a scaling analysis to predict that in the weakly stratified flow regime $Fr_h\gg1$ ($Fr_h$ is the horizontal Froude number), the mixing coefficient $Γ$ (defined as the ratio of the dissipation rates of potential to kinetic energy) scales as $Γ\sim O(Fr_h^{-2})$. Direct numerical simulations confirmed this result, and also indicated that for the strongly stratified regime $Fr_h\ll 1$, $Γ\sim O(1)$. Furthermore, the study argued that $Γ$ does not depend on the buoyancy Reynolds number $Re_b$, but only on $Fr_h$. We present an asymptotic analysis to predict theoretically how $Γ$ should behave for $Fr_h\ll1$ and $Fr_h\gg1$ in the limit $Re_b\to\infty$. To correctly handle the singular limit $Re_b\to\infty$ we perform the asymptotic analysis on the filtered Boussinesq-Navier-Stokes equations, and demonstrate the precise sense in which the inviscid scaling analysis of Billant \& Chomaz (Phys. Fluids, vol. 13, 1645-1651, 2001) applies to viscous flows with $Re_b\to\infty$. The analysis yields $Γ\sim O(Fr_h^{-2}(1+Fr_h^{-2}))$ for $Fr_h\gg1$ and $Γ\sim O(1+Fr_h^{2})$ for $Fr_h\ll 1$, providing a theoretical basis for the numerical observation made by Maffioli et al, as well as predicting the sub-leading behavior. Our analysis also shows that the Ozmidov scale $L_O$ does not describe the scale below which buoyancy forces are sub-leading, which is instead given by $O(Fr_h^{1/2} L_O)$, and that the condition for there to be an inertial sub-range when $Fr_h\ll 1$ is not $Re_b\gg1$, but the more restrictive condition $Re_b\gg Fr_h^{-4/3}$.